What is kennel cough?

Kennel cough, also called infectious tracheobronchitis, is a contagious respiratory infection that spreads rapidly among dogs in close quarters. The condition is caused by bacteria, viruses, or a combination of both. It earned its name because it frequently occurs in boarding facilities and dog day care settings where animals are housed or spend time together in shared spaces.

The infection spreads through airborne droplets when infected dogs cough or sneeze, making it a particular concern for day care centers and boarding facilities where multiple animals interact. Dogs can become infected even with brief exposure, and the virus can survive on surfaces and equipment.

Symptoms typically include a dry, hacking cough that may sound like the dog is trying to clear its throat or cough up a hairball. Some dogs also experience sneezing, nasal discharge, mild lethargy, or loss of appetite. Symptoms usually appear within 3 to 14 days of exposure. While the cough can be alarming, kennel cough is often self-limiting in healthy adult dogs, though it may last several weeks.

Owners should monitor their dogs for signs of respiratory illness and contact their veterinarian if symptoms develop, especially in puppies, senior dogs, or animals with compromised immune systems. Many facilities require vaccination against common kennel cough pathogens before dogs attend day care or boarding.